Researchers have suggested a variety of explanations for why children from lower socioeconomic status (SES) families often perform less well on IQ tests and in school than their higher SES counterparts. Three of the following are common explanations. Which one is not?
a. Teachers often have lower expectations for low-SES students and so give them less attention and fewer challenging assignments.
b. On average, low-SES children have less nutritious diets and less health care than high-SES children.
c. Parents with limited education themselves are less able to support their children's academic learning.
d. In general, parents in low-SES families don't appreciate the importance of a good education.
Question 2
Ms. Youmans has a class of 24 sixth graders, 12 girls and 12 boys. Given what we know about gender differences in verbal ability and visual-spatial ability, which one of the following is Ms. Youmans justified in concluding about her students?
a. Her highest reading group will have almost all girls, and her lowest reading group will have mostly boys.
b. All of the boys should do better than all of the girls on a test of visual-spatial ability (in other words, there is no overlap between the two groups).
c. About 80 of the boys should do better than 80 of the girls on a test of visual-spatial ability.
d. Ms. Youmans probably won't notice differences in the average abilities of boys versus girls.
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