Author Question: Critical incident stress management (CISM) is provided to help emergency personnel successfully ... (Read 63 times)

OSWALD · **on:** Jul 19, 2018

Critical incident stress management (CISM) is provided to help emergency personnel successfully manage the stress produced by the crises and disasters that they are called upon to respond to.

As a result of meta-analysis of existing data about the effectiveness of CISM, Bledsoe recommends that CISM: a. is universally helpful to emergency personnel even if they initially resist the intervention
b. is most effective when offered in a peer group counseling format
c. should never be mandatory, because it may lead to a worsening of stress symptoms
d. should be provided as one-on-one individual counseling over six or more sessions

Question 2

Madeleine Leininger's theory directs the nurse to understand the meaning of crisis events for the client from:

a. within the client's cultural perspective
b. a comparison with American culture
c. the nurse's perspective of the event
d. whatever cultural rules are known

Fayaz00962 · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 19, 2018

Answer to Question 1

C
Bledsoe recommends that CISM should never be mandatory, because it may lead to a worsening of stress symptoms. It is believed that debriefing may not always be effective and for some individuals it may actually lead to a worsening of the stress symptoms.

Answer to Question 2

A
Leininger's theory directs the nurse to understand the meaning of crisis events for the client from within a client's cultural perspective. Nurses skilled in cultural care understand that there are important cultural perspectives in all life's events. Related to crisis, cultural care theory guides the nurse in two matters: recognizing that crises are culturally determined and understanding that insensitive cross-cultural experiences can produce crisis and culture conflict for the nurse and client.