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Cocaine was isolated in 1860 and first used as a local anesthetic in 1884. Its first clinical use was by Sigmund Freud to wean a patient from morphine addiction. The fictional character Sherlock Holmes was supposed to be addicted to cocaine by injection.
Intradermal injections are somewhat difficult to correctly administer because the skin layers are so thin that it is easy to accidentally punch through to the deeper subcutaneous layer.
The human body produces and destroys 15 million blood cells every second.
More than 30% of American adults, and about 12% of children utilize health care approaches that were developed outside of conventional medicine.
Medication errors are more common among seriously ill patients than with those with minor conditions.