Answer to Question 1
D
As children enter adolescence, they develop greater independence and a sense of identity. The adolescent begins to separate emotionally from the family, and the peer group begins to have a stronger influence. To relieve the tensions associated with the physical and psychosocial changes, as well as peer pressure, adolescents often engage in risk-taking behaviors such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and using drugs. This increases the risk for accidents such as drowning and motor vehicle accidents. Counseling and finding new friends are not needed because the boy is demonstrating normal signs of development. Adolescence does not quickly pass.
Answer to Question 2
A
Fever increases insensible water loss through the skin and lungs. Infants and very young children have relatively more body surface area and higher percentage of body water than older children and adults. They have greater water needs and immature kidneys. Infants are at greater risk for ECV deficit and hypernatremia because their body water loss is proportionately greater per kilo-gram of weight. Although acute appendicitis may cause vomiting and an active episode of Crohn's disease may cause diarrhea, adolescents and young adults have less risk of ECV deficit than an infant. An older adult has increased risk of ECV deficit if there is a large fluid output; however, peptic ulcer disease ordinarily does not cause a large fluid output.
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U.S. Life Expectancy by Year of Birth