Answer to Question 1
A
The fourth component of the critical thinking model is attitudes. Paul (1993) identifies 11 atti-tudes that are central features of a critical thinker of which risk taking, creativity, and integrity are examples. Kataoka-Yahiro and Saylor (1994) describe critical thinking competencies as the cognitive processes a nurse uses to make judgments about the clinical care of patients. There are three competencies: general critical thinking (scientific method, problem solving, and decision making), specific critical thinking in clinical situations (clinical inference, diagnostic reasoning, and clinical decision making), and specific critical thinking in nursing (nursing process). The standards for critical thinking include intellectual standards and professional standards. The nursing process is a five-step approach that incorporates diagnostic reasoning and clinical deci-sion making.
Answer to Question 2
D
Desynchronization results from a mismatch of external cues and internal biological rhythms; it represents a disruption in the timing of physiologic and behavioral activity, which can result in chronic fatigue, disrupted sleep patterns, and impaired performance and coping abilities.
Nurses may collaborate with social workers, physicians, and other members of the health care team to
Diabetes mellitus. The metabolic disease diabetes mellitus, with symptoms of polydipsia, polyuria, a
Nursing process as a system
Risk Factors for Developing Breast Cancer
Fundamental Concepts and Skills for Nursing
ACCM Definitions of ICU Levels of Care