Answer to Question 1
A
The fourth component of the critical thinking model is attitudes. Paul (1993) identifies 11 atti-tudes that are central features of a critical thinker of which risk taking, creativity, and integrity are examples. Kataoka-Yahiro and Saylor (1994) describe critical thinking competencies as the cognitive processes a nurse uses to make judgments about the clinical care of patients. There are three competencies: general critical thinking (scientific method, problem solving, and decision making), specific critical thinking in clinical situations (clinical inference, diagnostic reasoning, and clinical decision making), and specific critical thinking in nursing (nursing process). The standards for critical thinking include intellectual standards and professional standards. The nursing process is a five-step approach that incorporates diagnostic reasoning and clinical deci-sion making.
Answer to Question 2
D
Desynchronization results from a mismatch of external cues and internal biological rhythms; it represents a disruption in the timing of physiologic and behavioral activity, which can result in chronic fatigue, disrupted sleep patterns, and impaired performance and coping abilities.
The tone of the nurse-patient introduction sets the stage for the patient interview and patient care
A nurse communicates with her non–English-speaking patient through an interpreter
Nursing care delivery models
Nurse's hand over patients abdomen
The three stages we go through to develop the ability of taking the role of the other.
Emergency Care