Answer to Question 1
D
The nurse must determine what is normal for this patient. The patient has COPD and the breathing stimulus is low oxygen, not increased carbon dioxide. When caring for patients with COPD and chronically elevated PaCO2 levels, remember that inappropriate administration of excessive oxygen will result in hypoventilation. Patients with COPD and hypercapnia (high carbon dioxide levels) have adapted to the higher carbon dioxide level. The carbon dioxidesensitive chemoreceptors are no longer sensitive to increased carbon dioxide as a stimulus to breathe. Their stimulus to breathe is a decreased PaO2 . The most effective position for patients with cardiopulmonary diseases is the 45-degree semi-Fowler's position, using gravity to assist in lung expansion and reduce pressure from the abdomen on the diaphragm. Administering excessive oxygen to patients with COPD satisfies the oxygen requirement of the body and negates the stimulus to breathe. High concentrations of oxygen (e.g., greater than 24 to 28 1 to 3 L/min) prevent the PaO2 from falling. As a result, this suppresses the stimulus to breathe, resulting in hypoventilation.
Answer to Question 2
A, B, C, E
Factors that influence medication absorption are the route of administration, ability of a medication to dissolve, blood flow to the site of administration, body surface area, and lipid solubility of a medication.
The metabolic pathway that breaks down phenylalanine and its relationship to certain genetic disease
The nurse needs to note the source of the patient health history
Bronchoscopy. Figure illustrates physician using a bronchoscope to inspect the patient’s bronchial t
Each patient is greeted by the receptionist.
Patient Teaching Methods Cont.
Nurse using a stethoscope