Answer to Question 1
Ans: C
Feedback:
An involuntary loss of urine that occurs at somewhat predictable intervals when a specific bladder volume is reached is called reflex incontinence. The person is unable to sense bladder fullness because of neurologic impairment, and the bladder simply empties when a certain degree of bladder stretch occurs. Bladder emptying occurs at the sacral reflex level because of impairment of the connection to the cerebrum that allows voluntary inhibition of voiding. Reflex incontinence is seen in clients with neurologic impairment, such as a spinal cord lesion, cerebrovascular accident, or brain tumor. The sudden, involuntary loss of small amounts (less than 50 mL) of urine that accompanies a sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure is called stress incontinence, termed urge incontinence. The person with urge incontinence is unable simultaneously to perceive a full bladder and to hold urine until reaching the bathroom. Functional incontinence involves the inability or unwillingness of a person with normal bladder and sphincter control to reach the bathroom in time to void.
Answer to Question 2
Ans: B, C, D
Feedback:
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the amount of plasma filtered through glomeruli per unit of time and is the best indicator of kidney function. Many labs now calculate an estimated GFR for all clients who have a serum creatinine test. To calculate the GFR you need the client's age, race, gender, and serum creatinine.
The nurse is using Standard Precautions to draw blood.
Client position when assessing jugular vein distention.
C, A nurse can also administer the medication by setting the dose and rate with an electronic infusi
B, The nurse teaches the postoperative client to use an incentive spirometer to expand the lungs.
Drug tolerance: A shift in the dose-response curve to the right as a result of exposure to the drug.
Apply the substance to the client’s upper chest.