Answer to Question 1
ANS: 3
Alcohol inhibits the release of ADH, resulting in increased water loss in urine. The client may show signs of decreased fluid volume (dehydration), including dry mucous membranes. The ef-fects of excessive alcohol intake and reduced antidiuretic hormone will not cause hematuria. Having decreased levels of antidiuretic hormone will lead to increased urine production. The cli-ent may exhibit a decreased blood pressure resulting from decreased fluid volume and an in-creased serum sodium level with dehydration.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: 4
Although this procedure may be accomplished using local anesthesia, it is more commonly per-formed using general anesthesia or conscious sedation to avoid unnecessary anxiety and trauma for the client. A cystoscopy involves direct visualization. No contrast dye is used; therefore the nurse does not need to ask if the client is allergic to iodine. A signed consent form is obtained. Fluids are not restricted before or after the procedure. The flushing action helps remove bacteria from the urethra.