Answer to Question 1
Correct Answer: 1,2,5
Rationale 1: Health counseling and education is considered primary prevention against cancer.
Rationale 2: Reducing the use of tobacco is considered primary prevention against cancer.
Rationale 3: Providing Pap smears is an example of secondary prevention against cancer.
Rationale 4: Performing monthly breast self-exams is an example of secondary prevention against cancer.
Rationale 5: Maintaining a healthy weight is an example of primary prevention against cancer.
Global Rationale: All options except providing Pap smears are examples of primary protection. Screenings such as Pap smears are part of secondary prevention.
Answer to Question 2
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: This is not an example of secondary prevention.
Rationale 2: This is not an example of tertiary prevention.
Rationale 3: Palliation is reducing the size of a tumor, easing the severity of pain.
Rationale 4: Receiving the HPV vaccine to prevent cervical cancer is an example of primary prevention.
Global Rationale: Primary prevention includes interventions that keep cancer from developing, such as interventions that promote a healthy lifestyle, receiving vaccinations, and eliminating tobacco use. Secondary prevention includes interventions leading to the discovery and control of cancerous or precancerous lesions. Examples are Pap smears and mammograms. Tertiary prevention attempts to reduce damage that has already started. Examples are surgical interventions to remove a tumor. Palliation is interventions focused on quality of life when cure is no longer feasible.
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