Answer to Question 1
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: The specific immune system recognizes antigens.
Rationale 2: Inflammation is a key part of the nonspecific body defense.
Rationale 3: The specific immune system produces an immune response that is systemic.
Rationale 4: The specific immune system produces antibodies.
Global Rationale: Innate body defenses are those present even before an infection has occurred and that provide the first line of protection from pathogens. These are sometimes referred to as nonspecific defenses because they are unable to distinguish one type of threat from another, the body's response is the same regardless of the particular pathogen. Components of the nonspecific body defenses include physical barriers such as the skin and mucous membranes, cellular barriers such as phagocytes, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells, and process barriers such as complement, fever, and inflammation. The specific immune system recognizes antigens, produces an immune response that is systemic, and produces antibodies.
Answer to Question 2
Correct Answer: 2,3,4,5
Rationale 1: Mast cells are not phagocytic.
Rationale 2: Macrophages are phagocytic.
Rationale 3: Dendritic cells are phagocytic.
Rationale 4: Neutrophils are phagocytic cells.
Rationale 5: Eosinophils are phagocytic cells.
Global Rationale: Phagocytes ingest antigens. Specific types include neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes, which differentiate into macrophages. Also included dendritic cells that reside deep in the skin, in lymph nodes, and in the inner lining of the respiratory and digestive tracts. Mast cells are not phagocytic.
The segmented body plan of an annelid, as illustrated by an earthworm.
Body weight estimates.
Body Painting - look closely
Defense Mechanisms
Position of the fetus in late pregnancy results in stresses on the mother’s body.
The Brain and Body Under Stress