Answer to Question 1
B
Catecholamines undergo rapid degradation by monoamine oxidase (MAO) and cate-chol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Consequently, they have a brief duration of action, and con-tinuous infusion often is required to maintain the drug's effects. Catecholamines cannot be used orally. Catecholamines do not cross the blood-brain barrier; noncatecholamines do. Noncatecho-lamines are not degraded by MAO.
Answer to Question 2
A
Older adult patients often are undertreated for pain, because assessing pain is difficult in patients with cognitive impairment and because practitioners often believe that reduced dosages are ne-cessary to alleviate side effects. This patient does not verbalize pain, but her nonverbal cue (cry-ing) indicates that pain is present. The nurse should give the higher dose, especially because the dosing interval has already been exceeded, and then monitor the patient's response to the medi-cation. Giving 2 mg to avoid side effects is not indicated; patients with Alzheimer's disease will continue to have confusion unrelated to the opioid. Nonopioid analgesics and antidepressants are not indicated. Withholding pain medication is not appropriate, because this patient shows non-verbal signs of pain.
Testing Visual Fields by Confrontation: The nurse and patient should be approximately at an eye to e
Drugs used to treat respiratory disorders.
They are divided into four classes: all α, all β, α/β, and α + β
Selected Drugs for Glaucoma
Antimigraine Drugs
Antidiabetic Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes