Answer to Question 1
Preventing and controlling HCV requires a comprehensive strategy comprised of at least the following activities:
Primary prevention activities:
o screening and testing of blood, plasma, organ, tissue, and semen donors
o virus inactivation of plasma-derived products
o risk-reduction counseling and services implementation and maintenance of infection-control practices
Secondary prevention activities
o identification, counseling, and testing of persons at risk
o medical management of infected persons
Education and training
Monitoring the effectiveness of prevention activities to develop improved prevention methods
Answer to Question 2
The Hepatitis B virus is extremely strong as compared with HIV. For example, it can live on surfaces for up to a week if it is exposed to air. Hepatitis B is also much more concentrated than HIV. Hepatitis B is caused by a double-shelled virus (HBV). It can be transmitted in the workplace in the following ways:
Contact with blood
Contact with bodily fluids including tears, saliva, and semen
The Hepatitis B virus can live in bodily fluids for years. Carriers of the virus are at risk themselves, and they place others at risk. Persons infected with HBV may contract chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, and/or primary heptocellular carcinoma. An HBV-infected individual is more than 300 times more likely to develop primary liver cancer than is a noninfected individual from the same environment. Unfortunately, it is possible to be infected and not know it because the symptoms can vary so widely from person to person.
Inhibition as a primary method of succession in the marine intertidal zone.
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