In behavioral therapy, shaping is a type of contingency management in which
a. the counselor and client analyze and manipulate preceding contingencies.
b. the desired behavior doesnt occur naturally, so behaviors that are close to the desired behavior are rewarded.
c. rewards are given when a client is not performing an undesirable behavior.
d. symbols are substituted for reinforcers. The symbols, such as poker chips are eventually exchanged for positive reinforcers.
e. the client receives different types of reinforcements for each instance of desired behavior.
Question 2
In behavioral therapy, what is biofeedback?
It is a type of feedback the client can get by asking people who are close to him or her how he or she is perceived (angry, sad, happy, friendly, etc.).
b. Through messages given by measuring devices such as blood pressure cuffs, people can learn to condition the responses of their nervous systems.
c. By meditating, clients can get in touch with their bodies and discover what emotions they feel.
d. By weighing each week, a person who is struggling with weight can reinforce good behavior or extinguish bad behavior.
e. By communicating with nature, people get in touch with their biological selves.
Carrie Mae Weems, A Negroid Type, from the series From Here I Saw What Happened and I Cried.
Example of a patient’s ledger in practice management software.
The first successful gene therapy trial
Genome-wide SNP-based heritability for individual behavioral disorders
Wild-type flowers of Arabidopsis
Genetic therapy for mice with sickle cell disease