According to the research on overconfidence,
a. overconfidence can be easily demonstrated in the laboratory, but not in real-world situations.
b. politicianslike other peopleare frequently overconfident.
c. overconfidence is limited to decision making; it does not seem to apply to other cognitive tasks.
d. overconfidence seems to apply to about 40 of the population; about 30 are accurate, and the remaining 30 are underconfident.
Question 2
Suppose that you are working as an industrial/organizational psychologist for a company. You've determined that the employees tend to be too confident about sales decisions that later turn out to be unwise.
Remembering what you learned in your cognitive psychology course, your wisest decision would be to
a. use the crystal-ball technique.
b. use the meta-analysis technique.
c. emphasize that the employees should try to find more information that confirms their beliefs, rather than disconfirming those beliefs.
d. emphasize that the employees need to review the principles of propositional calculus.
The experiment of Plaxton and his colleagues demonstrated that plants can alter their metabolism in
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