Answer to Question 1
Answers will vary depending on the services that students select. See Figure 2-2 for details. A correct response would include the following:
a. Direct Client Service: individual counseling
b. Indirect Client Service: Referring clients to appropriate human service agencies
c. Direct Systems Service: Stress management workshops
d. Indirect Systems Service: Influencing public policy
Answer to Question 2
Licensure and National Certification
a. Licensure
i. Arguably most important way of defining an occupation as a profession
ii. Defines scope of practice
iii. Determines who can and cannot offer certain services
iv. A governmentally sanctioned form of credentialing based on the concept of the regulatory power of the state
b. National Certification
i. Ensures that counselors set national standards and minimum requirements for the practice of professional counseling.
ii. Provides referral sources and networking across state lines.
iii. National counseling certification is not a license to practice.
iv. Counselors need to be aware of state licensure statutes before practicing.