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Elderly adults are living longer, and causes of death are shifting. At the same time, autopsy rates are at or near their lowest in history.
The average human gut is home to perhaps 500 to 1,000 different species of bacteria.
In most cases, kidneys can recover from almost complete loss of function, such as in acute kidney (renal) failure.
There are over 65,000 known species of protozoa. About 10,000 species are parasitic.
For about 100 years, scientists thought that peptic ulcers were caused by stress, spicy food, and alcohol. Later, researchers added stomach acid to the list of causes and began treating ulcers with antacids. Now it is known that peptic ulcers are predominantly caused by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that normally exist in the stomach.

