Answer to Question 1
A
Energy needs of stressed patients are highly individual; the most accurate way to measure them is using indirect calorimetry. Formulas such as Ireton-Jones are used when indirect calorimetry is not available, but their results are less accurate. The Dietary Reference Intakes provide estimates of energy needs for health populations but do not account for individual differences or for stress. Stressed patients often have very poor appetites despite high energy needs.
Answer to Question 2
C
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PN should be used only when an enteral intake is inadequate or contraindicated and when the duration of nutritional support is expected to be 7 days or more.
Lavoisier's pioneering direct calorimetry method of measuring BMR.
Patients with physical special needs, such as a wheelchair, need to have this documented in their he
Using Parallax to Determine Distance
Kyo and jitsu-concept of energy deficiency and excess from shiatsu.
The distribution of high-energy, nutritious biscuits was a lifeline in the first days after the 2010
Energy Transfer