Answer to Question 1
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Answer to Question 2
Researchers classify psychological risk factors for heart disease into three categories:
Chronic factors, such as job strain or lack of social support, play an important role in the buildup of artery-clogging plaque and may increase blood pressure. Even feeling that life has treated you unfairly boosts your chance of having a heart attack.
Episodic factors, such as depression, can last from several weeks to two years and may lead to the creation of unstable plaque, which is more likely to break off and block a blood vessel within the heart.
Short-term, or acute, factors, such as an angry outburst, can directly trigger a heart attack in people
with underlying heart disease.
These factors may act alone or combine and exert different effects at different ages and stages of life. They may influence behaviors such as smoking, diet, alcohol consumption, and physical activity, as well as directly cause changes in physiology.