Answer to Question 1
Light, heat, acidity, and alkalinity can change, diminish, or destroy the nutrients
in food. Water-soluble vitamins and minerals can be lost due to leaching
if they have been soaked in water. Therefore, fruit and vegetables should
be washed and rinsed quickly and carefully to help retain their vitamins and
minerals. In addition to careful preparation, minimal cooking time helps preserve vitamins
and minerals, especially water-soluble vitamins. Steaming, microwaving,
and stir-frying are good methods. Healthy cooking techniques are summarized
in Exhibit 8.4.
Answer to Question 2
Operations use one of three systems to manage payroll records. Time sheets require employees to sign in and out when their shifts begin and end. Timecards work similarly, except that each employee has a card he or she inserts into a time clock to register the start and end of shifts. Many operations now use electronic time records, which are often tied to an operation's POS system or to a personal computer. Some of these systems are tied directly to payroll records.
