The textbook describes four models of the impact of personality ...

[Mimi]

The textbook describes four models of the impact of personality on health. Compare and contrast two of these models.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

Question 2

Describe the three characteristics ascribed to hardiness in the textbook.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[ladyjames123]

Answer to Question 1

Answer: The student has four models to draw from. They are:

• Health behavior models,, in which individuals high in awareness or internal locus of control adopt a healthier lifestyle.


• Transactional stress moderation models in which individual traits affect health. Individuals low in sensation seeking or Neuroticism will behave in a healthier manner and take fewer risks with their health.


• Constitutional predisposition models, in which underlying genetic factors influence both personality and disease. Biological or genetic factors may what cause both psychological and physical disorders.


• Interactional stress moderation models suggest that personality characteristics modify physiological responses by reducing or increasing them. For example there is evidence that optimism increases immune system effectiveness.

Answer to Question 2

Answer: In the textbook, based on research with executives, hardy individuals were found to be higher in the three Cs of control, commitment, and challenge. Hardy people seem to believe that they have the ability to influence the courses of their own lives. This is likely the same as in individuals described as having an internal locus of control. They tend not to feel helpless in the face of adversity and to feel that they can alter the course of events in their own favor. They also feel engaged in the social world around themselves. They feel committed to others and to a cause greater than themselves. They also have a tendency to view negative events as opportunities. This has also been called transformational coping.