Answer to Question 1
Forms of violence include the following: physically intimidating corrections officers; assaulting officers; sabotaging electric, plumbing, and heating systems; burning or destroying institutional property; and riots. Riots are attempts to take control, with or without hostages, of cellblock, yard, or whole prison.
Answer to Question 2
It is difficult to eliminate or reduce sexual assaults in prison. In 2003, the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) was passed that established zero tolerance for rape in custodial settings and requires data collection on incidence of rape. Inmates at-risk can be placed in custody. Institutions can install video cameras in locations that are vulnerable to sexual assaults. If inmates are prosecuted for these assaults they may be less likely to commit them. The best defense against sexual assaults is possibly an effective classification system that ensures that vulnerable inmates are isolated from those who are likely to assault them. The culture of the prison also needs to change because victims and individuals who give testimony against predators are a risk of victimization. Also, it is hard to control sexual assaults because prisons are large facilities, they are overcrowded, and there is a lot of indefensible space.
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Three principle forms of natural selection: (a) stabilizing selection, (b) directional selection, an
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