Answer to Question 1
Answer: Answers should define both the social process approach and the social development approach. Social process theories draw their understanding from the interaction between individuals and society. Social development perspectives look at a more integrated view of human development and maturation levels, including psychological, biological, familial, interpersonal, cultural, societal, and ecological factors. Examples of policy approaches should demonstrate social process theories focusing on strengthening social bonds with communities and self-control, while social development perspective.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Answers should explain the labeling theory as a perspective that sees crime as a consequence of limited opportunities for acceptable behavior that follow from the negative responses of society to those defined as offenders. This suggests that society circumscribes deviance and the deviant person by responding negatively to behavior. Answers should explain that society and the justice system tend to perpetuate crime and delinquency rather than reduce them.
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