Answer to Question 1
Vitamin A contributes to the health of the bones. This vitamin affects the expression of genes (DNA into protein), which can affect cell development. If vitamin A is deficient, the cells that build bone may not be fully functional. This could affect the quality of the bone tissue.
Vitamin D is essential for bone health. It stimulates the small intestine to absorb more calcium from foods so that the bones can make use of the calcium. Young people who lack vitamin D during growth may have softened, misshapen bones, as is seen with rickets. Older individuals may experience softening of the bones as calcium is released from them as a result of vitamin D deficiency. This condition is known as osteomalacia.
Vitamin C is needed for the formation of collagen, the base material of bones and other connective tissues. Vitamin C deficiency, known as scurvy, leads to poorly formed connective tissue, which can cause bleeding of the gums or rashes on the skin.
Answer to Question 2
b
Sickle cell anemia. The clinical manifestations of sickle cell anemia result from pathologic changes
Skeletal remains from the Sima de los Huesos, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain.
Selected Vitamins: Food Sources, Functions, and Deficiency and Toxicity Symptoms (continued)
Examples of Body Regions and Their Location
The three types of muscle: Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.
Bacteriophage site-specific recombination systems