Answer to Question 1
Positioning of infants for feedings at breast or with a bottle and for eating from a spoon are important because improper positioning may be associated with choking, discomfort while eating. Unsafe feeding positions, such as propping a bottle or placing the baby on a pillow, increase the risk for choking, overfeeding, and ear infections. The recommended sleeping position for young infants is lying on the back without elevating the head on a pillow. This position, however, is unsafe and not recommended for feeding. The semi-upright position can be achieved with use of a car seat or infant carrier. Effective positioning at mealtimes will facilitate successful infant feeding. The infant can better control his head and trunk when in a seated position with good support for his back and feet. The parent or caregiver offering the spoon can sit directly in front of the infant and make eye contact during the feeding. A high chair is an appropriate feeding chair when the infant can sit without assistance. The infant should be kept in a sitting position with the hips and legs at 90 degrees.
Answer to Question 2
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Measuring the Head Circumference of an Infant or Small Child
Squeeze posterior leg muscles. Apply along muscles from knee to ankle. Use same hand position as in ...
Pregnant female in lithotomy position