Answer to Question 1
It means that the gene possesses all of the information
required for the primary structure and eventual final shape
of the protein. Consequently, if there's any aberration in
the genetic sequence then the protein will not be made
correctly, and will likely not be fully functional. This is the
case with sickle cell anemia (page 105), where a small
change in the gene for hemoglobin results in misshapen
hemoglobin proteins.
Answer to Question 2
D