Answer to Question 1
The prevalence rate is the fraction or proportion of a group possessing a disease or condition at a specific time, whereas the incidence rate is the fraction or proportion of a group initially free of a disease or condition that develops the disease or condition over a period of time. By calculating and comparing rates, epidemiologists can determine the strength of the association between risk factors and the health problem being studied.
Answer to Question 2
Crude birth rate is the ratio of the number of live births during the year as compared to the average mid-year population multiplied by 1000.
Crude death rate is the number of deaths during the year as compared to the average midyear population multiplied by 1000.
Age-specific death rate is the ratio of the number of deaths to people in a particular age group as compared to the average midyear population in a specified age group multiplied by 1000.
Cause-specific death rate is the ratio of the number of deaths due to a particular cause during the year as compared to the average midyear population multiplied by 1000.
Infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants under the age of 1 as compared to the number of live births in the same year multiplied by 1000.
Neonatal mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants under the age of 28 days during the year as compared to the number of live births in the same year multiplied by 1000.
Fetal death rate is the number of fetal deaths (>20 weeks of gestation) during the year as compared to the number of live births and fetal deaths in the same year multiplied by 1000.
Maternal mortality rate is the number of pregnancy-related deaths during the year as compared to the number of live births in the same year multiplied by 100,000
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Suicide rates in Canada are more than three times higher for males than for females