In the renal system, which mineral regulates body fluid pH by ...

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In the renal system, which mineral regulates body fluid pH by reacting with secreted hydrogen ions, releasing sodium ions in the process?
 A) sulphur
  B) magnesium
  C) calcium
  D) phosphorus

Question 2

List the factors that increase the risk for vitamin B12 and iron deficiency in older adults.

[princessflame2016]

Answer to Question 1

D

Answer to Question 2

An estimated 10 to 30 percent of adults older than 50 have atrophic gastritis; these people are particularly vulnerable to vitamin B12 deficiency. The bacterial overgrowth that accompanies this condition uses up the vitamin, and without hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, digestion and absorption of vitamin B12 are inefficient. Given the poor cognition, anemia, and devastating neurological effects associated with a vitamin B12 deficiency, an adequate intake is imperative. The iron needs of men remain unchanged throughout adulthood. For women, iron needs decrease substantially at menopause when blood loss through menstruation ceases. Consequently, iron-deficiency anemia is less common in older adults than in younger people. Nevertheless, iron deficiency may develop in older adults, especially when their food energy intakes are low. Aside from diet, two other factors may lead to iron deficiency in older people: chronic blood loss from diseases and medicines and poor iron absorption due to reduced stomach acid secretion and antacid use. Iron deficiency impairs immunity and leaves older adults vulnerable to infectious diseases. Anyone concerned with older people's nutrition should keep these possibilities in mind.