Using the identified nutrition problems (and with the ...

[anjilletteb]

Using the identified nutrition problems (and with the understanding that Mrs. Caldwell has received a significant amount of nutrition education in the past),
 
  what would you determine to be the most important topics for nutrition education when she returns to the PD clinic?

Question 2

Discuss briefly the mechanisms that regulate arterial blood pressure including the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and renal function?
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[mmpiza]

Answer to Question 1

Review of basic guidelines for phosphorous and potassium restriction (discussing high- and low-forms of food); encouragement of adequate kilocalories and protein with suggestions to maximize PO intake in face of her current symptoms of nausea and dysgeusia.

Answer to Question 2

 The brain integrates information from sensors called baroreceptors that continually measure blood pressure.
 Various hormones such as norepinephrine and epinephrine control resistance of the blood vessels.
- Norephinephrine acts as a vasoconstrictor. When the diameter of blood vessels is decreased (either by norepinephrine or by a disease process such as atherosclerosis), blood pressure will increase.
- Vasodilation will decrease blood pressure.
 Other hormones including aldosterone and vasopressin (ADH) also assist in blood pressure control.
- Aldosterone is released to increase sodium reabsorption and, with vasopressin, will increase water resorption and blood volume, leading to an increase in blood pressure.
 Additionally, the kidneys respond to their own baroreceptors.
- If blood pressure is low, renin is released, which in turn controls the levels of angiotensin II, which causes vasoconstriction and thus also increases blood pressure.
 Proper renal function is necessary for the actions of RAAS and thus abnormalities in BP can be seen in conditions like chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury.
 All of these responses cause an overall increase in heart rate, stroke volume, and, ultimately, blood pressure.

[anjilletteb]

Both answers were spot on, thank you once again

[mmpiza]

Great! Please up vote