Answer to Question 1
AIDS dementia complex (ADC) occurs primarily in persons with more advanced HIV infection. The inflammation of nerve cells may damage the brain and spinal cord. As a result, forgetfulness and confusion, behavioral changes (apathy,
depression, withdrawal), as well as severe headaches, strokes, and loss of sensation in the arms and legs may result. HIV has also been found to alter the size of certain brain structures. Symptoms include encephalitis, behavioral changes, and cognitive decline. When left untreated, ADC can be fatal.
Answer to Question 2
Treatment for substance abuse focuses on three goals: stabilization and reduction of consumption, treatment of coexisting problems, and arrangement of appropriate social interventions. Which treatment approach works best depends on the age of the person in question. Older adults seem to respond to educational programs. These programs reduce the denial caused by direct confrontation and educate them on age-related changes in alcohol metabolism.
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