In order to achieve analgesia, codeine must first be
a. Metabolically converted to heroin and codeine-6-glucuronide.
b. Metabolically be converted to heroin and morphine.
c. Metabolically be converted to codeine-6-glucuronide and morphine.
d. No metabolic conversion is required in order for codeine to produce
analgesia.
Question 2
In the brain reward system in the mesocortical limbic pathway, exogenous opiates
a. Decrease the release of endogenous opiates.
b. Increase the release of endogenous opiates.
c. Result in dysphoria.
d. Suppress the desire for additional opiate consumption.
The paleoanthropologist must understand these deformations in order to figure out which strata a fos
Opiate-Induced Analgesia
Order and Duration of Sleep Stages Through a Typical Night
An example of an EHR screen used to order a laboratory test.
Basbaum and Fields’s (1978) model of the descending analgesia circuit.
How to evaluate the third-order determinant