Normal urine is sterile. It contains fluids, salts, and waste products. It is free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
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Blood in the urine can be a sign of a kidney stone, glomerulonephritis, or other kidney problems.
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The first oral chemotherapy drug for colon cancer was approved by FDA in 2001.
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Patients who cannot swallow may receive nutrition via a parenteral route—usually, a catheter is inserted through the chest into a large vein going into the heart.
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On average, the stomach produces 2 L of hydrochloric acid per day.
A blood smear. The smear reveals representative cells from each formed element group: red blood cell