Answer to Question 1
There are several pharmacologically-based smoking cessation tools that increase the chance of success by relieving withdrawal symptoms or reducing the pleasurable effects of smoking. These include the use of one of the three FDA approved medications for smoking cessation of (1) nicotine replacement therapy delivered in the form of gum, lozenge or a patch, (2) taking bupropion (Zyban) which is an anti-depressant medication that inhibits the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, or (3) use of a more recently approved medication called varenicline (Chantix).
Answer to Question 2
Smokers will report that they smoke more when they experience negative affect due to stress, and studies confirm this belief. They seem to be trying to regulate their negative mood states through smoking. However, does this self-regulation strategy work? Although most smokers believe that their smoking-to-relieve-stress behavior is effective, according to recent research designed to test this hypothesis, it is not; smoking only relieves negative affect caused by nicotine withdrawal and not negative affect caused by stress.
dental tools
DNA-based migration routes of Homo sapiens
Phylogeny based on the FIT2 gene
Foundations of evidence-based practice.
As with smoking, drinking alcohol during pregnancy exposes the fetus to potentially toxic substances
Cladogram Based On DNA Sequence