Answer to Question 1
During the fight-or-flight response, the adrenal glands release glucocorticoids such as cortisol that help us rapidly facilitate the conversion of food stores such as proteins and fats in the body to glucose for ready energy. In a primitive state of nature, this has adaptive value in that it helps protect us from danger by making energy stores immediately available and ready where and when needed most.
Answer to Question 2
Stress and health is a two-way street. As you will see in subsequent chapters, when under stress, we are more prone to engage in adverse health behaviors such as smoking, drinking or eating too much and paradoxically may experience disruptions in our ability to initiate or maintain health protective behaviors such as healthy eating, engaging in regular physical activity, and using relaxation strategies. The result is that we experience diminished health and well-being, which can in turn create a new set of stressors. It becomes a vicious cycle with stress contributing to poor health and poor health contributing to stress. The most effective way to manage stress is to manage lifestyle and complement it with specific stress busting strategies.
Allergic response by allergens.
American soldiers—some of them regulars in deep blue uniforms, others in buckskin cowboy outfits— fi
Adrenal gland.
PGC-1 and SIRT1 control the reprogramming of fuel utilization pathways in response to fasting
The clonal selection theory of the adaptive immune response
Gastric Glands and Cell Types in the Stomach