Why is it so difficult to determine exactly what the effects of ...

[JGIBBSON]

Why is it so difficult to determine exactly what the effects of spanking are on an
  individual child?
 
  What will be an ideal response?

Question 2

Reframing the home-care worker relationship to the elderly from that of professional
  worker to fictive kin is harmful to both the worker and the elderly client.
 
  Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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Answer to Question 1

Data analysis is correlational, not directly causal. Many factors other than spanking enter
into the parent-child relationship. Some considerations are: genetic factors of both parent
and child, presence of sibs, unequal treatment in families, gender effects, cultural norm
effects, familial influence on parent and child, stress and crisis other than spanking,
severity, frequency, environmental conditions, intervening variables, methodologies are
complex, etc.

Answer to Question 2

T

[JGIBBSON]

TYSM

[tkempin]

Excellent