Answer to Question 1
Answer: Group polarization is the tendency of groups to arrive at more extreme positions (either risky or conservative) than the initial inclinations of individual group members. According to the persuasive arguments interpretation (a cognitive interpretation), polarization may occur because during discussions, individual members will provide arguments or information that other members may not have considered; when these arguments support individuals' initial inclinations, they will become more extreme in their attitudes or recommendations. According to the social comparison alternative (a motivational interpretation), individual group members will work to get a sense of how other group members are feeling, and in order to be liked, they will take a position similar to others'only a little more extreme.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Negotiation is a form of communication between opponents in which offers and counteroffers are made; negotiation is defined as successful when the opponents reach a solution acceptable to both parties. One result of negotiations is often an integrative solution. An integrative solution is one in which opponents make trade offs on issues based on their different interests; such solutions involve opponents conceding the most on issues that are relatively unimportant to them but that are important to the opponents. Among the threats to achieving integrative solutions are biased perceptions of opponents, mistrust of opponents' proposals, and failure to discover opponents' true interests.
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