In Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad, where Palsgraf was hit by machinery that fell when an explosion occurred at a train station, and she sued the railroad for negligence, the New York high court held that the railroad:
a. was negligent for exposing Palsgraf to danger, so could be liable for her injury
b. was negligent for exposing Palsgraf to danger, but the cause of the accident was a careless passenger, not the railroad, so it was relieved of liability by intervening conduct
c. was negligent for exposing Palsgraf to danger, but the explosion was not the proximate cause of the accident, so there was no liability
d. was negligent for exposing Palsgraf to danger, but its actions were not a substantial factor in what caused the accident, so there was no liability
e. was not liable because of a lack of proximate cause
Question 2
While Mrs. O'Leary may have been negligent in leaving an oil lamp in the barn for her cow to kick over, she would not be held liable for the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 because the chain of events from the cow kicking the lantern to the destruction of the city was not:
a. foreseeable b. indisputable c. unavoidable
d. all of the specific choices
e. none of the specific choices
Cellular changes associated with short-term and long-term memory in the sea slug.
Blue whale skeleton, outside the Long Marine Laboratory at the University of California, Santa Cruz
How long does it take you to see the circles?
Rapid, long-distance signaling in plants
A horizontal, 2.00 m long, 3.00 kg uniform beam that lies along the east-west di