Which of the following statements relating to ...

[james]

Which of the following statements relating to estrogen-progesterone oral contraceptives is INCORRECT?
 
  A. Oral contraceptives prevent ovulation.
  B. They may predispose to a tubal pregnancy.
  C. They may increase the risk of thromboembolic complications.
  D. They usually prevent or reduce dysmenorrhea in patients with painful menses.

Question 2

Explain the pathogenesis and provide examples of four common disturbances of acid-base balance and the body's compensatory response
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[scrocafella]

Answer to Question 1

B

Answer to Question 2

Respiratory acidosis: increase in carbonic acid, H2CO3; emphysema; compensatory mechanism is formation of additional bicarbonates by the kidneys
Respiratory alkalosis: decrease in carbonic acid, H2CO3; hyperventilation; compensatory mechanism is kidneys excrete more bicarbonate
Metabolic acidosis: decrease in bicarbonate, HCO3; uremia, ketosis, lactic acidosis; compensatory mechanism is hyperventilation to lower PCO2, kidneys excrete more H ions and forms more bicarbonate
Metabolic alkalosis: increase in bicarbonate, HCO3; use of antacids, chloride depletion, excess adrenal corticosteroids; compensatory mechanism: none