A 52-year-old male suffered a myocardial infarction secondary to ...

[iveyjurea]

A 52-year-old male suffered a myocardial infarction secondary to atherosclerosis and ischemia. Once blood flow is returned to the damaged heart, reperfusion injury occurs as a result of:
 
  a. oxidation stress.
  b. vacuolation.
  c. decreased intracellular calcium.
  d. lipid acceptor proteins.

Question 2

A 50-year-old male sustained a closed head injury as a result of a motor vehicle accident. CT scan revealed a collection of blood between the inner surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain.
 
  Which type of injury will the nurse be caring for?
  a. Subdural hematoma
  b. Epidural hematoma
  c. Contusion
  d. Abrasion

[ynlevi]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: A
Reperfusion injury can result from oxidative stress, increased intracellular calcium, inflammation, or complement activation. Oxidative stress causes the formation of radicals that cause further membrane damage and mitochondrial calcium overload. Vacuolation leads to cellular swelling but is not associated with reperfusion. An increase of intracellular calcium is a cause of reperfu-sion injury. Lipid acceptor proteins bind with triglycerides to create fatty liver, and they do not affect the myocardium.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
A subdural hematoma occurs when blood is between the inner surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain; it can result from blows, falls, or sudden acceleration/deceleration of the head. An epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between the inner surface of the skull and the dura; it is most often associated with a skull fracture. A contusion is bleeding into the skin or underlying tissues. An abrasion (scrape) results from removal of the superficial layers of the skin caused by friction between the skin and injuring object.

[iveyjurea]

Thank you

[ynlevi]

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