Author Question: Following the diagnosis of acute renal failure, the nurse knows that one of the earliest ... (Read 81 times)

tatyanajohnson · **on:** Jun 25, 2018

Following the diagnosis of acute renal failure, the nurse knows that one of the earliest manifestations of residual tubular damage is which of the following lab/diagnostic results?

A)
Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
B)
Serum creatinine elevation
C)
Inability to concentrate urine
D)
Reduced glomerular filtration rate

Question 2

A patient arrives in the ED very hypovolemic related to excretion of at least 3 gallon jugs of urine in the past 24 hours.

He describes the urine as being clear-like water. The physician suspects diabetes insipidus. The nurse should be prepared to administer which of the following medications?
A)
Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP)
B)
Benadryl, an anticholinergic
C)
Calcium gluconate
D)
Prednisone

mammy1697 · **Reply #1 on:** Jun 25, 2018

Answer to Question 1

Ans:
A

Feedback:

Urine tests that measure urine osmolality, urinary sodium concentration, and fractional excretion of sodium help differentiate prerenal azotemia, in which the reabsorptive capacity of the tubular cells is maintained, from tubular necrosis, in which these functions are lost. One of the earliest manifestations of tubular damage is the inability to concentrate urine. Conventional markers of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen, fractional secretion of sodium to assess glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and urine output do not manifest for 1 to 2 days after the acute renal failure has begun.

Answer to Question 2

Ans:
A

Feedback:

Diabetes insipidus is caused by a deficiency of or a decreased response to ADH. The preferred drug for treating chronic DI is desmopressin acetate (DDAVP).