Why is the older adult more at risk for a cranial bleed following ...

[Engineer]

Why is the older adult more at risk for a cranial bleed following a head injury?
 
  a. The older adult's brain is smaller, which allows for more movement inside the cra-nium.
  b. The older adult's brain features fragile vessels more likely to rupture.
  c. The older adult's brain contains less cere-brospinal fluid (CSF) to cushion the brain.
  d. The older adult's brain has less flexible meninges to absorb impact.

Question 2

Which medications are biologic response modifier (BRM) drugs? (Select all that apply.)
 
  a. Interleukins
  b. Colony-stimulating factors
  c. Monoclonal antibodies
  d. Cyclosporines
  e. Gene therapies

[whitcassie]

Answer to Question 1

A
The brain atrophies with age and does not take up as much space in the cranial vault. This change allows for more movement and more potential for torn vessels and contusions on the brain when an accident occurs that involves a head injury.

Answer to Question 2

A, B, C, E
Cyclosporines are drugs that are used to prevent tissue transplant rejection and are considered a carcinogen for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In addition to the BRM listed, vaccines are also a BRM.