Answer to Question 1
A
Loss of capture most often can be attributed either to displacement of the pacing electrode or to an increase in threshold as a result of drugs, metabolic disorders, electrolyte imbalances, or fibrosis or myocardial ischemia at the site of electrode placement. In many cases, increasing the output (mA) may elicit capture. For transvenous leads, repositioning the patient to the left side may improve lead contact and restore capture.
Answer to Question 2
B
Nail bed pressure and trapezius pinch are acceptable methods of noxious stimulation. Nail bed pressure allows evaluation of individual extremity function. Trapezius pinch is difficult to perform on large or obese adults. Repeated sternal rub can cause the sternum to become excoriated, open, and infected. Supraorbital pressure must be avoided in patients with head injuries, frontal craniotomies, or facial surgery. Nipple and testicle pinching are inappropriate and unnecessary.
Stained section of cerebral cortex from autopsy of a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Effects of nursing rounds on patient safety
Sandwich or capture enzyme immunoassay for patient IgM (double capture: IgM capture, Ag capture).
Placement of hands for mobilizing the rib cage from side to side.
Ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy for a patient with a liver disorder