Answer to Question 1
Answer: C
Consequences that lead to a decrease in undesirable behavior are referred to as punishment. Positive punishment is the addition of a negative consequence if the undesirable behavior occurs; for example, the addict who drives under the influence is jailed or fined. Negative punishment is the removal of a positive reward if the undesirable behavior occurs; for example, the addict who does not show up for work loses his job. Consequences that lead to an increase in a particular behavior are referred to as reinforcement. Positive reinforcement provides a reward for the desired behavior, such as the pleasant sensation, or high, that comes from the use of a substance. Negative reinforcement removes a negative stimulus to increase the chances that the desired behavior will occur. An example of negative reinforcement is when the family of an addict refuses to support the behavior that results from use of the substance.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: B
Easy access to prescription drugs presents an at-risk situation for nurses who abuse substances. The other situations are common for all nurses and do not necessary pose an increased risk for substance abuse.
Nurse bees tending to brood in cells both open and capped with beeswax.
Client receiving hemodialysis.
Sugar Cube-Sized Robotic Ants Mimic Real Foraging Behavior
Testing the client’s ability to feel vibrations, the toe
Client positioned and draped
The behavior of the components during the triplet-binding assay