Answer to Question 1
Answer: A
Because of estrogen-mediated changes in the perineal area of postmenopausal women, the urinary meatus may be very difficult to visualize. The side-lying position, lifting up the buttock, is an alternative that provides better visualization of the urinary meatus. The supine position, regardless of the leg position or height of the bed, would not increase the visualization of the urinary meatus because it is more distal from the changes in the perineal area.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: A, C, D
Appropriate nursing diagnoses to include in the infant's plan of care include deficient fluid volume due to poor intake and vomiting; sleep pattern disturbance related to the discomfort and hunger; parental anxiety related to the need for surgical correction; and imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements due to inadequate intake and vomiting. Jaundice is not a clinical manifestation of pyloric stenosis.