Which congenital malformations result from multifactorial ...

[lb_gilbert]

Which congenital malformations result from multifactorial inheritance (Select all that apply)?
 
  a. Cleft lip
  b. Congenital heart disease
  c. Cri du chat syndrome
  d. Anencephaly
  e. Pyloric stenosis

Question 2

Along with gas exchange and nutrient transfer, the placenta produces many hormones necessary for normal pregnancy. These include (select all that apply)
 
  a. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
  b. Insulin
  c. Estrogen
  d. Progesterone
  e. Testosterone

[6ana001]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: A, B, D, E
All these congenital malformations are associated with multifactorial inheritance. Cri du chat syndrome is related to a chromosome deletion.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A, C, D
hCG causes the corpus luteum to persist and produce the necessary estrogens and progesterone for the first 6 to 8 weeks. Estrogens cause enlargement of the woman's uterus and breasts; cause growth of the ductal system in the breasts; and, as term approaches, play a role in the initiation of labor. Progesterone causes the endometrium to change, providing early nourishment. Progesterone also protects against spontaneous abortion by suppressing maternal reactions to fetal antigens and reduces unnecessary uterine contractions. Other hormones produced by the placenta include hCT, hCA, and numerous growth factors. Human placental lactogen promotes normal nutrition and growth of the fetus and maternal breast development for lactation. This hormone decreases maternal insulin sensitivity and utilization of glucose, making more glucose available for fetal growth. If a Y chromosome is present in the male fetus, hCG causes the fetal testes to secrete testosterone necessary for the normal development of male reproductive structures.