Answer to Question 1
ANS: B
The therapeutic serum level for magnesium is 4 to 8 mg/dL although it is elevated in terms of normal lab values. Adverse reactions to magnesium sulfate usually occur if the serum level becomes too high. The most important is CNS depression, including depression of the respiratory center. Magnesium is excreted solely by the kidneys, and the reduced urine output that often occurs in preeclampsia allows magnesium to accumulate to toxic levels in the woman. Frequent assessment of serum magnesium levels, deep tendon reflexes, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation can identify CNS depression before it progresses to respiratory depression or cardiac dysfunction. Monitoring urine output identifies oliguria that would allow magnesium to accumulate and reach excessive levels. Discontinue magnesium if the respiratory rate is below 12 breaths/min, a low pulse oximeter level (<95) persists, or deep tendon reflexes are absent. Additional magnesium will make the condition worse.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: A
Magnesium sulfate is the drug most often used for preeclamptic and eclamptic patients. It is a CNS depressant. Apresoline is administered for hypertension and is often given to pregnant clients with severe preeclampsia. Tegretol is administered for seizure activity in nonpregnant patients. Brethine is a smooth muscle relaxant administered for preterm labor.
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