What adaptations should one expect of the seed coats of angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by frugivorous (fruit-eating) animals, as opposed to angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by other means?
1. The exterior of the seed coat should have barbs or hooks.
2. The seed coat should contain secondary compounds that irritate the lining of the animal's mouth.
3. The seed coat should be able to withstand low pH's.
4. The seed coat, upon its complete digestion, should provide vitamins or nutrients to animals.
5. The seed coat should be resistant to the animals' digestive enzymes.
A) 4 only
B) 1 and 2
C) 2 and 3
D) 3 and 5
E) 3, 4, and 5
A phylogeny showing the major modern angiosperm lineages
These species are all at risk of extinction. Species with “slow†life-h
These species are all at risk of extinction. Species with slow life-h
The Venus flytrap, a species of carnivorous plant.
Recently discovered species Tersicoccus phoenici under microscope
Direct Two Species Interactions