What adaptations should one expect of the seed coats of angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by frugivorous (fruit-eating) animals, as opposed to angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by other means?
1. The exterior of the seed coat should have barbs or hooks.
2. The seed coat should contain secondary compounds that irritate the lining of the animal's mouth.
3. The seed coat should be able to withstand low pH's.
4. The seed coat, upon its complete digestion, should provide vitamins or nutrients to animals.
5. The seed coat should be resistant to the animals' digestive enzymes.
A) 4 only
B) 1 and 2
C) 2 and 3
D) 3 and 5
E) 3, 4, and 5
The fossil Runcaria heinzelinii, a plant with a probable seed precursor.
The degree of cerebral cortex folding in different mammalian species. The brains are not shown to sc
Orcinus citoniensis fossil, an extinct species of the same genus, Museo Capellini di Bologna
The skull of Sahelanthropus tchadensis is argued to be the earliest of the hominins and one of only
Four kinds of evidence supporting the theory that species evolve.
Metabolic Adaptations