Jia is a bear trainer at the circus. She wants to teach Barney the bear to ride a unicycle. To do this, Jia first rewards Barney for sitting up. Then she rewards Barney only if he sits on the unicycle seat. Next she rewards him only for sitting on the unicycle seat and raising his paws toward the pedals and so on. By show time, Barney can ride the unicycle. This method is called ____.
a. higher-order conditioning
b. reconditioning
c. shaping
d. latent learning
Question 2
Gabe is trying to get his dog, Trixie, to sit up. He starts rewarding her first when she lies down. Then he rewards her when she is sitting on her backside. And finally he rewards her only when she sits up with her paws off the ground. Gabe has trained Trixie to sit up by using ____.
a. shaping
b. secondary reinforcement
c. backward conditioning
d. stimulus discrimination
A grizzly bear in Yellowstone National Park.
The cranium of a young infant changes dramatically in shape with age. Initially the child has severa
A depiction of slaves on a South Carolina plantation, around 1790. Likely of Yoruba descent, they pl