Answer to Question 1
Pleurisy is a disease characterized by inflammation of the pleural linings of the thoracic cavity. This inflammation can result in a condition called dry pleurisy, which causes the client severe pain upon breathing. The cause of the pain is the loss of the lubricating quality of the intrapleural fluid. Adhesions may form that cause portions of the parietal pleurae to adhere to the visceral pleurae. Pleurisy may be unilateral or bilateral, and may cause excessive fluid (which is sometimes purulent) in the pleural space.
Answer to Question 2
1. The first morphological change affects the alveoli of the lungs. The walls of the alveoli break down, and clusters of alveoli become a single sac.
2. The second morphological change arises as a result of the first change. The person experiences an ongoing shortage of oxygen, must breathe deeper and deeper to accommodate, and thus develops a barrel chest.
3. The third morphological change results in respiratory failure, which leaves the person susceptible to respiratory disorders such as pneumonia.
